CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) - a U.S government
agency, comprising eleven centers, agencies and departments, that has the objective of promoting health and quality of life by taking measures to prevent and control illness, physical injury and physical disability.
Essential Fatty Acids - also known as `vitamin f`, fatty acids which the human body cannot synthesize by itself, but that are essential for the proper functioning of cells. Essential fatty acids must be provided through the diet. The best dietary sources of EFA`s include natural vegetable oils (such as safflower, soy, and corn oils), fish, nuts, and seeds. Fat Replacers - these ingredients have been developed to replicate the exact texture and taste of fats and generally can be slotted into three groups: carbohydrate, protein, or fat-based. To begin with, several low-fat products in the marketplace were the upshot of inventive processing techniques, by utilizing commonplace food constituents such as sugars and water-soluble gums. Other fat-replacing components use fats or proteins. Each kind of fat-replacer duplicates the characteristic of fats in foods, either partially or wholly, for instance, retaining moisture in or adding moisture to pastries and cakes. The ingredients that are used to replace fats depend on how the low-fat food product will be prepared or eaten. For instance, not all fat-replacers can withstand heat. Due to this, the sort of fat-replacing ingredient that is used to make a fat-free salad dressing might not be of much use in a muffin mix. Hyperosmolar Coma - a coma (sleep-like, unconscious state) linked with high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood and needing immediate medical attention. An individual with this kind of coma is often older and feeble from loss of body fluids and weight. The patient may or may not have a prior medical history that includes diabetes. Ketones (ketonic acids) are not present in the patient`s urine.
Waist Circumference - the dimension of the waist-girth. Fat around the waist increases the risk of overweight-related health problems. Women whose waist measurement is over 35 inches (88.9 centimeters), or adult males who have a waist measuring more than 40 inches (101.6 centimeters) have a higher danger of developing obesity-related health problems, like hypertension, cardiac disease, and diabetes.
Electrolytes - mineral salts found in body fluids, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, that are needed to enable the nervous and muscular systems to function properly. Lipids - a class of compounds, which includes triglycerides (obtained primarily from fat in foods), phospholipids (fat-containing phosphorous), and sterols (organic compounds in the fatty tissues of plants and animals).
Low-calorie Sweetener Blends - combinations of low-calorie sweeteners in foods & beverages, which can act cumulatively to produce the desired extent of sweetness in smaller quantities than the sweetening substances used individually. The resulting taste often better meets consumer expectations of a sweetness profile, which is close to that of white sugar or other nutritive sweeteners that come with calories. The products could, in addition, have greater sweetness stability all through the shelf-life of the product. Health authorities worldwide have rationally deduced that no scientific grounds exist to expect that there will be any consequences on health or normal function from combined sweeteners, that are distinct from those that occur with the individual low-calorie sweeteners, and no such effects have been observed or recorded.
Pesticide - general term for a wide class of chemical agents that protect plants, divided into four main classes: insecticides, to kill or repel parasitic insects; herbicides, to destroy or prevent the growth of parasitic plants; rodenticides, to control or destroy rats and other rodent pests; and fungicides, to control or banish fungi, mold, and mildew.
Set - the number of times a single exercise movement is repeated, such as an arm curl or a squat. Squatting down and back up is one repetition. Doing that 8 times would be 1 set.
Reasonable Goal - an achievable aim that can be met in order to encourage additional good observance of a dietary plan.
Sibutramine - also known as Meridia, a pharmaceutical product used along with a reduced-calorie diet to help people achieve weight loss and prevent a recurrence of weight gain. This medicine is authorized for individuals whose body mass index (BMI) is 30 or above 30. Obese people who have congruent factors that increase health risk, for example diabetes or high blood pressure, can be prescribed this drug when their BMI is 27 or higher. It may lead to an increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. During the time patients are on this drug, their physician will check out their heart rate and blood pressure at periodic intervals. Individuals with uncontrolled high blood pressure should not be on this drug. Additional side effects involve dryness of the mouth, headaches, constipation, sleeplessness, nervous tension, extreme impatience or irritability, nervousness, blocked or runny nose, or difficulty with getting enough sleep.
Hypertrophy - the increase of the size of an organ. It should be distinguished from hyperplasia, which is caused by an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ; hypertrophy occurs due to an increase in cell size, not cell division. Hypertrophy is most commonly seen in muscular tissue that has been purposefully worked upon, the most recognized reason being exercise.
Angiopathy - a disease of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) that is associated with the health complications of diabetes. There are two types of angiopathy: macroangiopathy (occurring in the large blood vessels) and microangiopathy (occurring in the small blood vessels).
Whole Grains - the whole seed of grain, including the bran (outermost layer), embryo (containing concentrated nutrients) and endosperm (storehouse of complex carbohydrates). The health benefit the body derives from whole grains is the lower chances of developing cardiovascular or coronary heart disease, which is due to the combination of fiber, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals (compounds that promote health by strengthening the human immune system and blood vessels) found in whole grains.
Collagen Hydrolysate - a functional component of gelatin, which might help alleviate some symptoms associated with osteoarthritis.
Stanol / Sterol Esters - a functional component found in wood oils, corn, soy, and wheat, which could lower the risk of cardiovascular disease by lowering levels of blood cholesterol.